In January, Mayor de Blasio announced NYC Care, a city-funded NYC Health + Hospitals initiative expected to cost $100 million per year when fully implemented in fiscal year 2022. While the city’s public hospital system already provides care to anyone, regardless of ability to pay and immigration status, a key goal of the new initiative is to link the uninsured with a primary care provider—diverting patients from unnecessary emergency room visits for routine care. The program will also support efforts to boost enrollment of those who are eligible for the public health system’s MetroPlus insurance plan. There were about 615,000 uninsured New Yorkers in 2017, roughly 7 percent of the city’s population, according to the latest figures from the U.S. Census Bureau. Among city residents who were not U.S. citizens about 300,000, or nearly 22 percent, were uninsured—and the rate was likely even higher among noncitizens who were undocumented.

Because NYC Care relies on using NYC Health + Hospitals facilities, the success of the initiative is dependent in part on accessibility. Are the city’s more than 70 public hospitals and clinics located in neighborhoods with heavy concentrations of the uninsured? IBO has mapped the location of public hospital facilities and the share of uninsured in the city’s 59 community districts.

Where the Uninsured Reside and Location of Public Hospital System Facilities

• Some of the city’s community districts had particularly high shares of uninsured but little access to nearby public hospital facilities. Queens Community District 7, which includes the neighborhoods of Flushing, Murray Hill, and Whitestone, had an uninsured rate of 15.5 percent in 2017, the highest in the city. Yet there are no public hospital facilities in the district. Likewise, Brooklyn Community District 7 (Sunset Park and Windsor Terrace) had an uninsured rate of 12.4 percent and no public hospital facilities in proximity.
• Conversely, there were neighborhoods, such as Queens Community Districts 3 (Jackson Heights and North Corona) and 4 (Elmhurst and South Corona), with comparatively high shares of uninsured residents as well as nearby public hospital facilities. More than 14 percent of residents in Queens Community Districts 3 and 4 were without insurance.
• There also were neighborhoods with comparatively low rates of uninsured residents such as Manhattan’s Community District 3 (Chinatown and Lower East Side, 6.0 percent uninsured) and Community Districts 1 and 2 in the Bronx (Hunts Point, Longwood, and Melrose; 9.3 percent) served by a number of NYC Health + Hospitals facilities.

Prepared by Melinda Elias

New York City Independent Budget Office

Print version available here.

SOURCES: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2017 for Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMA); NYC Health + Hospitals Facilities. NYC Open Data. Updated September 10, 2018. 
NOTES: Certain community districts are combined under PUMA. These include Bronx Community Districts 1 & 2 and 3 & 6, as well as Manhattan Community Districts 1 & 2 and 4 & 5. Additionally, some NYC Health + Hospitals health centers may be located within the system’s hospital facilities. 

Although required under a 1991 law, the city does not publish data by precinct that tells New Yorkers how long it takes the police department to respond to a 911 call—from the initial call to the time officers arrive at the scene. What we do have on the precinct level is dispatch time, the minutes and seconds it takes for a police dispatcher to find and assign officers to respond to a possible crime in progress. We have mapped the variation in dispatch times in fiscal year 2018 for each of the city’s 77 police precincts.

Wide Variations in Average Dispatch Times by Police Precinct, 2018

Data in table form available here.

• Citywide, the average dispatch time for roughly 450,000 possible crime-in-progress incidents in 2018 was 3.8 minutes. This was up from a citywide average of 3.0 minutes in 2014.
• Average dispatch time varied widely among police precincts, with a low of 1.6 minutes in the 100th Precinct in the Rockaways to a high of 8.0 minutes in the 47th Precinct in the Wakefield and Woodlawn neighborhoods of the Bronx.
• Across the city, nine precincts had crime in progress dispatch times greater than 5 minutes. Six of those precincts were in the Bronx.
• The gap between average dispatch time in the Bronx and the average citywide has grown.
  In 2018, the average dispatch time of 5.6 minutes in the Bronx exceeded the citywide average by nearly 2 minutes, about three times the difference in 2014.
• Two potential explanations for why dispatch times have risen more rapidly in the Bronx are undercut by some key facts. Crime-in-progress incidents rose less rapidly in the Bronx than in the rest of the city from 2014 through 2018. Moreover, the number of uniformed officers assigned to the Bronx increased more rapidly than elsewhere over the same period.

Print version available here.

Prepared by Bernard O’Brien
New York City Independent Budget Office

SOURCE: IBO mapping of dispatch data from the Mayor’s Office of Management Budget, Fiscal Year 2018 District Resource Statement for the New York Police Department
NOTES: For years the New York Police Department has failed to provide the City Council with quarterly reports on police response time disaggregated by borough, precinct, and the three daily police shifts as required under Local Law 89 of 1991. The Mayor’s Management Report presents dispatch time as well as the time it takes for the first squad car to arrive at an incident, but only on a citywide basis. The Citywide Performance Reporting site presents dispatch and travel time on a precinct basis, but has not been updated since 2016.